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Industrial alkaline water electrolysis mainly employs asbestos diaphragm as a separator but this material has high electrical resistance, is carcinogenic (i.e. asbestosis), and is unsuitable for use at temperatures above 100 oC. The struggle is to dismiss the diaphragm-type separator currently used ...

The key challenge to membrane designers who are struggling to obtain well-optimized membranes for Salinity Gradient Power-Reverse Electrodialysis (SGP-RED), in particular, from the perspective of membrane resistance and permselectivity is the counteracting effect of these properties. For example, cr...